1. Crystallography and Material Principles of Silicon Carbide
1.1 Polymorphism and Atomic Bonding in SiC
(Silicon Carbide Ceramic Plates)
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a covalent ceramic compound made up of silicon and carbon atoms in a 1:1 stoichiometric proportion, distinguished by its remarkable polymorphism– over 250 known polytypes– all sharing solid directional covalent bonds yet varying in stacking sequences of Si-C bilayers.
One of the most technically pertinent polytypes are 3C-SiC (cubic zinc blende framework), and the hexagonal kinds 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC, each showing refined variations in bandgap, electron mobility, and thermal conductivity that affect their suitability for certain applications.
The strength of the Si– C bond, with a bond power of around 318 kJ/mol, underpins SiC’s extraordinary firmness (Mohs solidity of 9– 9.5), high melting point (~ 2700 ° C), and resistance to chemical destruction and thermal shock.
In ceramic plates, the polytype is usually picked based upon the planned use: 6H-SiC prevails in structural applications due to its convenience of synthesis, while 4H-SiC dominates in high-power electronics for its exceptional cost carrier movement.
The large bandgap (2.9– 3.3 eV depending upon polytype) likewise makes SiC an excellent electrical insulator in its pure kind, though it can be doped to function as a semiconductor in specialized electronic devices.
1.2 Microstructure and Phase Purity in Ceramic Plates
The efficiency of silicon carbide ceramic plates is seriously dependent on microstructural attributes such as grain size, thickness, stage homogeneity, and the existence of additional stages or pollutants.
Premium plates are generally fabricated from submicron or nanoscale SiC powders via innovative sintering methods, causing fine-grained, totally thick microstructures that maximize mechanical toughness and thermal conductivity.
Pollutants such as cost-free carbon, silica (SiO TWO), or sintering help like boron or aluminum need to be very carefully controlled, as they can develop intergranular movies that lower high-temperature toughness and oxidation resistance.
Recurring porosity, also at reduced levels (
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